Register & Register Transfer in Digital Systems

Flip Flops

In every digital system where all storage elements are employed during clock pulse is called sequential circuit . Modern computers also have sequential circuit design inside the CPU. This type of sequential circuit uses a special component called flip flop. Each flip flop can hold one storage data element in terms of bit. So we can say that 1 flip flop can hold 1 bit of data. Flip flops are use in sequential circuits because they can make change of their stored data when a clock pulse is applied .Flip flops are also well known as binary cell as it can store data in binary signal 1 or 0 format. There are various types of flip flops. But generally all types of flip flops have 2 outputs , one is normal and one is complement and all flip flops have clock pulse line . The difference among various types of flip flops is in the number of inputs they possess and in the manner in which the inputs affect the binary state. SR-type, JK-type, T-type, D-type are the most common flip flops. Internally all flip flops are made of combinational circuit design using digital components like logic gates. So because of combinational structures every flip-flops have their own different truth tables and equations. for example both SR-type flip flops and JK-type flip flops have same numbers of inputs, but they are completely different in truth tables and equations

figure : SR-type and JK-type Flip flop







figure : T-type and D-type Flip flop

Register

Complex digital systems which deals with lots of tasks like logic operation, arithmetic operation contains many hardware whose are interconnected among them. These hardware modules are internally made of some digital components like register, decoder, logic control etc. So registers plays an important role in digital systems. Registers store all of the binary bits on which any specific task can be done. These tasks are called micro operations. For example if computer wants to perform addition of two numbers than inside CPU the ALU unit will transfer add-micro operation signal to registers to perform addition between two numbers. After a task performed on register's containing bits , the bit values may or may not change. depending on the task condition. A register is a group of of flip flops with each flip flop capable of storing 1 bit of information . So an n-bit register contains n numbers of flip flops. Because of simplicity D-type flip flops are most commonly used flip flop.

figure : 4-bit register using d-type flip flop

Register Transfer Language

Digital systems which use registers have a control and a list of micro operations. This control selects some of the micro operations from the list and transfers them in a sequence to one or more registers to perform on its stored binary bit values. For example ALU is the control for CPU unit. So these types of digital systems hardware design can be define if we keep 3 important things in our mind:

1. The set of registers it contains and their functions.

2 The sequence of micro operations performed on the bit values inside the registers.

3. The control that initiates the sequence of micro operations.

The sequence of micro operations can be transfer to registers in lengthy descriptive words but as it is lengthy the processing will slow down its speed. Instead of this if we use any symbolic notations to indicate the same of micro operations, and then the processes will be simpler to handle with faster speed. The notation which expresses the sequence of micro operations in a simple manner is called Register Transfer Language. Some basic symbols are given below:

figure : basic symbols in Register Transfer Language - RT L

Register Transfer Concept


Using R T L-Language

In this type of digital systems first the control choose some micro operations in a sequence and then transfer them to one or more registers to perform some tasks on registers containing bit values. The entire works can be done just by expressing the works in RT L-Register Transfer Language notation.For example suppose a control is denoted by symbol 'P' and two register R1, R2. if we wants to perform a transfer of bit values from register R2 to R1,then we can write the entire expression in RT L is given in below figure :

It means that , when the control get value 1 and the clock pulse rise then it will load the register R1 so that the transfer can be from R2 to R1.So one can easily see that , the control is acting like a door of register R1. The given figure will explain all things which are happening inside the system:

In RT L-language system more then one micro operations are separated by commas.

In RT L-language system the group of bits content of register can be express by specifying the bits index range [means the flip flop index] or by the giving sign L or H [means Lower or Higher bits ] inside a parentheses ( ).

figure : transferring a group of bits

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The Calculator Implementation In java

Introduction

In this blog i am going implement the simple calculator in java.I will try to explain all the things that are very important and anyone who is familiar with java GUI programing can easily understand the source code.

Before you start, please be sure that you have the latest Netbeans version and java run time environment software.You can download tease two software from the link given bellow :-

http://netbeans.org/downloads/

http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/index.jsp

The Calculator Screen
If we run the java source code, we will see a calculator like this :-



To exit the calculator correctly , we must click the File option given in the picture bellow :-

Here Is the Complete Source Code :
/*
* To change this template, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/

package calculator;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.Window;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JDialog;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.KeyStroke;


/**
*
* @author himadree
*/
public class Main extends JFrame implements ActionListener {

/**
* @param args the command line arguments
*/
final int MAX_INPUT_LENGTH = 20;
final int INPUT_MODE = 0;
final int RESULT_MODE = 1;
final int ERROR_MODE = 2;
int displayMode;

boolean clearOnNextDigit, percent;
double lastNumber;
String lastOperator;

private JMenu jmenuFile, jmenuHelp;
private JMenuItem jmenuitemExit, jmenuitemAbout;

private JLabel jlbOutput;
private JButton jbnButtons[];
private JPanel jplMaster, jplBackSpace, jplControl;

/*
* Font(String name, int style, int size)
Creates a new Font from the specified name, style and point size.
*/

Font f12 = new Font("Times New Roman", 0, 12);
Font f121 = new Font("Times New Roman", 1, 12);


// Constructor
public Main()
{
/* Set Up the JMenuBar.
* Have Provided All JMenu's with Mnemonics
* Have Provided some JMenuItem components with Keyboard Accelerators
*/

jmenuFile = new JMenu("File");
jmenuFile.setFont(f121);
jmenuFile.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_F);

jmenuitemExit = new JMenuItem("Exit");
jmenuitemExit.setFont(f12);
jmenuitemExit.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke( KeyEvent.VK_X,
ActionEvent.CTRL_MASK));
jmenuFile.add(jmenuitemExit);

jmenuHelp = new JMenu("Help");
jmenuHelp.setFont(f121);
jmenuHelp.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_H);

jmenuitemAbout = new JMenuItem("About Calculator");
jmenuitemAbout.setFont(f12);
jmenuHelp.add(jmenuitemAbout);

JMenuBar mb = new JMenuBar();
mb.add(jmenuFile);
mb.add(jmenuHelp);
setJMenuBar(mb);

//Set frame layout manager

setBackground(Color.gray);

jplMaster = new JPanel();

jlbOutput = new JLabel("0");
jlbOutput.setHorizontalTextPosition(JLabel.RIGHT);
jlbOutput.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
jlbOutput.setOpaque(true);

// Add components to frame
getContentPane().add(jlbOutput, BorderLayout.NORTH);

jbnButtons = new JButton[23];


JPanel jplButtons = new JPanel(); // container for Jbuttons

// Create numeric Jbuttons
for (int i=0; i<=9; i++) { // set each Jbutton label to the value of index jbnButtons[i] = new JButton(String.valueOf(i)); } // Create operator Jbuttons jbnButtons[10] = new JButton("+/-"); jbnButtons[11] = new JButton("."); jbnButtons[12] = new JButton("="); jbnButtons[13] = new JButton("/"); jbnButtons[14] = new JButton("*"); jbnButtons[15] = new JButton("-"); jbnButtons[16] = new JButton("+"); jbnButtons[17] = new JButton("sqrt"); jbnButtons[18] = new JButton("1/x"); jbnButtons[19] = new JButton("%"); jplBackSpace = new JPanel(); jplBackSpace.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 1, 2, 2)); Color c = new Color(70,50,30 ); jbnButtons[20] = new JButton("Backspace"); jbnButtons[20].setBackground(c); jplBackSpace.add(jbnButtons[20]); jplControl = new JPanel(); jplControl.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2, 2 ,2)); jbnButtons[21] = new JButton(" CE "); jbnButtons[21].setBackground(c); jbnButtons[22] = new JButton("C"); jbnButtons[22].setBackground(c); jplControl.add(jbnButtons[21]); jplControl.add(jbnButtons[22]); // Setting all Numbered JButton's to Blue. The rest to Red for (int i=0; i<20) i="7;" i="4;" i="1;" and =" jplButtons.add(jbnButtons[0]);" i="0;" add="" windowlistener="" closing="" frame="" and="" ending="" program="" new="" windowevent="" contructor="" perform="" action="" public="" void="" actionevent="" double="" result="0;" jdialog="" dlgabout="new" about="" java="" swing="" calculator="" else="" search="" the="" button="" pressed="" until="" end="" of="" array="" or="" key="" found="" for="" int="" i="0;">< inputstring =" getDisplayString();" inputstring =" inputString.substring(1);"> 0)
&& inputString.length() < displaymode =" INPUT_MODE;" clearonnextdigit =" false;" displaymode =" INPUT_MODE;" inputstring =" getDisplayString();" displaymode ="="" input =" getDisplayString();"> 0 && !input.equals("0"))
{
if (input.indexOf("-") == 0)
setDisplayString(input.substring(1));

else
setDisplayString("-" + input);
}

}

else if (displayMode == RESULT_MODE)
{
double numberInDisplay = getNumberInDisplay();

if (numberInDisplay != 0)
displayResult(-numberInDisplay);
}
}

void clearAll() {
setDisplayString("0");
lastOperator = "0";
lastNumber = 0;
displayMode = INPUT_MODE;
clearOnNextDigit = true;
}

void clearExisting(){
setDisplayString("0");
clearOnNextDigit = true;
displayMode = INPUT_MODE;
}

double getNumberInDisplay() {
String input = jlbOutput.getText();
return Double.parseDouble(input);
}

void processOperator(String op) {
if (displayMode != ERROR_MODE)
{
double numberInDisplay = getNumberInDisplay();

if (!lastOperator.equals("0"))
{
try
{
double result = processLastOperator();
displayResult(result);
lastNumber = result;
}

catch (DivideByZeroException e)
{
}
}

else
{
lastNumber = numberInDisplay;
}

clearOnNextDigit = true;
lastOperator = op;
}
}

void processEquals(){
double result = 0;

if (displayMode != ERROR_MODE){
try
{
result = processLastOperator();
displayResult(result);
}

catch (DivideByZeroException e) {
displayError("Cannot divide by zero!");
}

lastOperator = "0";
}
}

double processLastOperator() throws DivideByZeroException {
double result = 0;
double numberInDisplay = getNumberInDisplay();

if (lastOperator.equals("/"))
{
if (numberInDisplay == 0)
throw (new DivideByZeroException());

result = lastNumber / numberInDisplay;
}

if (lastOperator.equals("*"))
result = lastNumber * numberInDisplay;

if (lastOperator.equals("-"))
result = lastNumber - numberInDisplay;

if (lastOperator.equals("+"))
result = lastNumber + numberInDisplay;

return result;
}

void displayResult(double result){
setDisplayString(Double.toString(result));
lastNumber = result;
displayMode = RESULT_MODE;
clearOnNextDigit = true;
}

void displayError(String errorMessage){
setDisplayString(errorMessage);
lastNumber = 0;
displayMode = ERROR_MODE;
clearOnNextDigit = true;
}


public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO code application logic here
Main calci = new Main();
Container contentPane = calci.getContentPane();
calci.setTitle("Java Calculator ");
calci.setSize(250, 220);
calci.pack();
calci.setLocation(200, 300);
calci.setVisible(true);
calci.setResizable(false);

}

}


class DivideByZeroException extends Exception{
public DivideByZeroException()
{
super();
}

public DivideByZeroException(String s)
{
super(s);
}
}

class CustomABOUTDialog extends JDialog implements ActionListener {
JButton jbnOk;

CustomABOUTDialog(JFrame parent, String title, boolean modal){
super(parent, title, modal);
setBackground(Color.black);

JPanel p1 = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));

StringBuffer text = new StringBuffer();
text.append("Calculator \n\n");
text.append("Developer: Himadree\n");
text.append("Version: 1.0");

JTextArea jtAreaAbout = new JTextArea(5, 21);
jtAreaAbout.setText(text.toString());
jtAreaAbout.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", 1, 13));
jtAreaAbout.setEditable(false);

p1.add(jtAreaAbout);
p1.setBackground(Color.red);
getContentPane().add(p1, BorderLayout.CENTER);

JPanel p2 = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
jbnOk = new JButton(" OK ");
jbnOk.addActionListener(this);

p2.add(jbnOk);
getContentPane().add(p2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

setLocation(408, 270);
setResizable(false);

addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
{
Window aboutDialog = e.getWindow();
aboutDialog.dispose();
}
}
);

pack();
}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
{
if(e.getSource() == jbnOk) {
this.dispose();
}
}

}

Note : For more information, you can also visit my other blogs. And don't forget to give your valuable comments.

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The Snake Game In C

Introduction

This is a small turbo c program of snake game using
some graphics.h functions. Anyone who is familiar with C graphics
programming can do it very easily.

Code Explanation

In the beginning of code explanation the first important part is
initializing the graphics mode in turbo C to do drawing a calculator and
that is must be done before using every graphics related functions. This
graphics initialization is done by a pre-define function called initgraph()
with a tiny code part given below :

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "C:\\TC\\BGI");

If your TC folder is in D drive than just type "D:\\TC\\BGI" instead of
"C:\\TC\\BGI"

inside the initgraph( ) function.So if you want to use graphics functions in
your turbo c program, than you have to always write these two statement in
the main( ) function.


If you initialize the graphics mode than, all graphics.h function can be use
in the program.But if you need to come back to the normal textmode (the
black screen ) than you have to shut down the graphics mode by using the
graphics.h function closegraph( ).


In that program we have use three user-define functions given below :

void check();
void end();
void win();

The first screen shot will be like this :-




The gaming screen will be look like this :-




Here is the source code

#include "graphics.h"
#include 'stdlib.h"
#include "dos.h"
#include "conio.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "time.h"

int m[500],n[500],con=20,TEMP;
clock_t start,stop;

void main(void)
{



int gd=DETECT,gm,ch,maxx,maxy,x=13,y=14,p,q,spd=100;

int a=0,i=0,j,t,temp;

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\TC\\BGI");

setcolor(6);

settextstyle(1,0,6);

outtextxy(20,2," SNAKE 2 BY Himadree ");

settextstyle(6,0,2);

outtextxy(20,80," Use Arrow Keys To Direct The Snake ");

outtextxy(20,140," Avoid The Head Of Snake Not To Hit Any Part Of
Snake");

outtextxy(20,160," Pick The Beats Untill You Win The Game ");

outtextxy(20,200," Press 'Esc' Anytime To Exit ");

outtextxy(20,220," Press Any Key To Continue ");

outtextxy(20,240," DONT FORGET TO GIVE U R VALUABLE OPINION ");

ch=getch();

if(ch==27) exit(0);

cleardevice();

maxx=getmaxx();

maxy=getmaxy();

randomize();
p=random(maxx);
temp=p%13;
p=p-temp;
q=random(maxy);
temp=q%14;
q=q-temp;
start=clock();

while(1)
{

setcolor(WHITE);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,con+5);
circle(p,q,5);
floodfill(p,q,WHITE);
if( kbhit() )
{

ch=getch(); if(ch==0) ch=getch();

if(ch==72&& a!=2) a=1;

if(ch==80&& a!=1) a=2;

if(ch==75&& a!=4) a=3;

if(ch==77&& a!=3) a=4;


}
else
{

if(ch==27){

break;


}

}

if(i<20){

m[i]=x;


n[i]=y;

i++;

}

if(i>=20)
{

for(j=con;j>=0;j--){

m[1+j]=m[j];

n[1+j]=n[j];


}

m[0]=x;
n[0]=y;
setcolor(WHITE);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,con);
circle(m[0],n[0],8);
floodfill(m[0],n[0],WHITE);
setcolor(WHITE);
for(j=1;j<con;j++){

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,con+j%3);
circle(m[j],n[j],5);
floodfill(m[j],n[j],WHITE);
}

delay(spd);
setcolor(BLACK);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLACK);
circle(m[0],n[0],8);
floodfill(m[0],n[0],BLACK);
setcolor(BLACK);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLACK);
circle(m[j],n[j],5);
floodfill(m[j],n[j],BLACK);
}

stop=clock();

t=(stop-start)/CLK_TCK;

check();

if(x==p && y==q)
{

con=con+5;

if(spd>=5)
spd=spd-5;
else spd=5;

if(con>490)

win();
p=random(maxx); temp=p%13; p=p-temp;
q=random(maxy); temp=q%14; q=q-temp;
}
if(a==1){
y = y-14;

}

if(y<0)
{

temp=maxy%14;y=maxy-temp;

}

if(a==2)
{

y = y+14;


}

if(y>maxy)

{

y=0;


}

if(a==3){

x = x-13;

}
if(x<0) {

temp=maxx%13;x=maxx-temp;

}

if(a==4){
x = x+13; if(x>maxx) x=0;

}

if(a==0)
{

y = y+14 ;

x=x+13;

}


}


}

void check(){

int a;
for(a=1;a<con;a++)

if(m[0]==m[a] && n[0]==n[a])
{
end();

}
else
{

continue;


}

}

void end()
{

int j,i;

setcolor(WHITE);

for(i=0;i<5;i++){

delay(500);
cleardevice();

delay(500);

for(j=0;j<=con;j++){

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED);
circle(m[j],n[j],5);
floodfill(m[j],n[j],WHITE);

}
}
settextstyle(3,0,4);
outtextxy(150,150," GAME OVER ");

getch();
getch();

exit(0);

}


void win()
{

int j,i;

setcolor(WHITE);

for(i=0;i<5;i++){

for(j=0;j<=con;j++){

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,con);


circle(m[j],n[j],5);

floodfill(m[j],n[j],WHITE);

}

delay(500);


cleardevice();

delay(500);

}

settextstyle(3,0,4);

outtextxy(210,320," YOU WIN ");


getch();

exit(0);

}

Note : For more information, you can also visit my other blogs. And don't forget to give your valuable comments.

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Rabindranath Tagore Animation In Turbo C

Introduction

This is small animation of a poet Rabindranath Tagore in C.This animation is just build with using some graphics.h program and other time delay function.One who know C graphics program , will simply understand the animation source code.

In the beginning of code explanation the first important part is initializing the graphics mode in turbo C to do drawing this animation and that is must be done before using every graphics related functions.This graphics initialization is done by a pre-define function called initgraph() with a tiny code part given below :


int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "C:\\TC\\BGI");

If your TC folder is in D drive than just type "D:\\TC\\BGI" instead of "C:\\TC\\BGI"
inside the initgraph( ) function.So if you want to use graphics functions in your turbo c program, than you have to always write these two statement in the main( ) function.

I just download some art pictures of Rabindranath Tagore and than made his animating photo with turbo c language.After running the program, the animation might look like the photo given bellow :-

Here is source code

#include "graphics.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "conio.h"
#include "dos.h"

int main(void)
{
/* request auto detection */
int gd = DETECT, gm;


/* initialize graphics and localvariables */
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
arc(234, 125, 120, 190, 50);
line(185,135, 185,155);
arc(190, 162,120,280, 8);
arc(193, 175 , 300, 90, 6);
arc(198, 200, 100, 150, 20);

arc( 205,210, 140, 180, 30 );
line(176, 210, 176, 228);
arc(185, 229,180,310, 8);
line( 185, 238 ,200, 230);
arc(205, 230, 340, 180, 3);
line(205,232, 200, 258);
arc(212, 260, 160, 315, 12);
line(220, 270, 180, 310);
arc(210, 310, 180, 230, 30);
arc(205, 330, 30, 180,15);
arc(160, 330,290,5, 60);
arc(105, 360, 290, 340 ,80);
arc(145, 440, 165, 350,15);
arc(165, 420, 260, 360, 25);
line(190, 420, 230, 400);
arc(210, 218, 270, 360, 10);
arc(200, 280, 30, 80,65);
line(250, 280, 260, 250);
arc(268, 300,100, 270, 25);
arc(280, 335,140, 270, 15);
arc(260, 380,220, 300, 35);


arc(192, 142,180, 340, 6);
arc(218, 160, 40, 150,25);
arc(218, 164, 50, 150,25);
arc(200, 140,180, 250, 15);
line(208, 156, 230,148);
line(212, 172, 230, 148);
circle(212, 162, 6);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, WHITE);
floodfill(213, 163, WHITE);
arc(280,152, 180, 230,70);

arc(275,158, 340,130, 100);
arc(305, 220, 330,30,70);
arc(305, 220, 330,30,80);
arc(305, 220, 330,30,82);
arc(305, 220, 330,30,75);
arc(305, 156,0, 150, 70);
arc(200, 160,0, 100, 60);

/* For hair */

arc(260, 140,0, 155, 90);
arc(260, 140,0, 154, 88);
arc(260, 140,0, 153, 86);
arc(260, 140,0, 152, 84);
arc(260, 140,0, 151, 82);

arc(260, 140,0, 149, 80);
arc(260, 140,0, 148, 78);
arc(260, 140,0, 147, 76);
arc(260, 140,0, 146, 74);
arc(260, 140,0, 145, 72);
arc(260, 140,0, 144, 70);
arc(260, 140,0, 143, 68);
arc(260, 140,0, 142, 66);
arc(260, 140,0, 141, 64);
arc(260, 140,0, 140, 62);
arc(260, 140,0, 139, 60);
arc(260, 140,0, 138, 58);
arc(260, 140,0, 137, 56);
arc(260, 140,0, 136, 54);
arc(260, 140,0, 135, 52);
arc(260, 140,0, 134, 50);
arc(260, 140,0, 133, 48);
arc(260, 140,0, 132, 46);
arc(260, 140,0, 131, 44);
arc(260, 140,0, 130, 42);
arc(260, 140,0, 129, 40);
arc(260, 140,0, 128, 38);
arc(260, 140,0, 127, 36);
arc(260, 140,0, 126, 34);
arc(260, 140,0, 125, 32);
arc(260, 140,0, 124, 30);
arc(260, 140,0, 123, 28);
arc(260, 140,0, 122, 26);
arc(260, 140,0, 121, 24);
arc(260, 140,0, 120, 22);
arc(260, 140,0, 119, 20);
arc(260, 140,0, 118, 18);
arc(260, 140,0, 117, 16);
arc(260, 140,0, 116, 14);
arc(260, 140,0, 115, 12);
arc(260, 140,0, 114, 10);
arc(260, 140,0, 113, 8);
arc(260, 140,0, 112, 6);
arc(260, 140,0, 111, 4);
arc(260, 140,0, 110, 2);

/* another hair style */
arc(282, 150, 330, 70, 88);
arc(282, 150, 330, 70, 86);
arc(282, 150, 330, 70, 84);
arc(282, 150, 330, 70, 82);
arc(282, 150, 330, 70, 80);
arc(282, 150, 330, 70, 78);
arc(282, 150, 330, 70, 76);
arc(282, 150, 330, 70, 74);
arc(282, 150, 330, 70, 72);
arc(282, 150, 330, 70, 70);
arc(282, 150, 330, 70, 68);


arc(310, 150,330, 90, 65);

/*----ANIMATION-----*/

while (!kbhit()){
setbkcolor(BLACK);
setcolor(WHITE);

delay(1000);
line(410,100, 440, 100);
line(440,100,390, 140);
line(390, 140, 430, 150);
line(440,100, 430, 150);
circle(410, 160, 2);
delay(1000);

putchar('\r');

line(460, 100, 490, 100);
line(490,100,440, 140);
line(440, 140, 480, 150);
line(490,100, 480, 150);
line(500,100, 490, 150);
arc(480,100,350,180, 20);
delay(1000);

putchar('\r');

line(510, 100, 550, 100);
line(530,100, 520, 150);
circle(505, 125, 3);
arc(525, 145, 90, 125, 30);
line(545, 130, 520, 150);
line(545, 130,560,150);
arc(565, 210, 92, 180,60);




delay(1000);
setbkcolor(BLACK);
setcolor(BLACK);


line(410,100, 440, 100);
line(440,100,390, 140);
line(390, 140, 430, 150);
line(440,100, 430, 150);
circle(410, 160, 2);


line(460, 100, 490, 100);
line(490,100,440, 140);
line(440, 140, 480, 150);
line(490,100, 480, 150);
line(500,100, 490, 150);
arc(480,100,350,180, 20);

line(510, 100, 550, 100);
line(530,100, 520, 150);
circle(505, 125, 3);
arc(525, 145, 90, 125, 30);
line(545, 130, 520, 150);
line(545, 130,560,150);
arc(565, 210, 92, 180,60);
}


getch();
closegraph();
return 0;

}

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